Imaging migration member employing a gelatin overcoating

ABSTRACT

A migration imaging system wherein migration imaging members typically comprising a substrate, a layer of softenable material, and migration marking material, additionally contain one or more overlayers of material to produce improved results in the imaging system. The overlayer may variously comprise another layer of softenable material, a layer of material which is harder than the softenable material layer, or a gelatin layer.

United States Patent 1 Goffe et al.

[451 Sept. 30, 1975 IMAGED MIGRATION MEMBER EMPLOYlNG A GELATIN OVERCOATING Inventors: William L. Goffe, Webster; George A. Brown, Penfield, both of NY Assignee: Xerox Corporation, Stamford,

Conn.

Filed: Dec. 12, 1973 App], No.: 423,958

Related U.S. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 97,866, Dec. 14, 1970, abandoned, which is a continuation-impart of Ser. No. 172, Jan. 2, 1970, abandoned,

U.S. Cl. 96/l.5; 96/1 PS Int. Cl. G03G 5/00 Field of Search 96/1.5, 1 PS, 1 PE, 1 M

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 5/1960 Tien 250/65 10/1969 Krieger et al. 96/1 PE X 3,653,885 4/1972 Levy et a1 96/1 PS 3,708,288 1/1973 Lin 96/1 M X 3,723,113 3/1973 Goffe 1. 96/1 PS X 3,740,216 6/1973 Goffc..... 1. 96/1 PS 3,741,757 6/1973 Goffe 96/1 PS 3,753,706 8/1973 Sankus et al. 96/1 PS 3,791,822 2/1974 Goffe 96/1 PS 3,836,364 8/1972 Lin 96/1 PS X Primary E.\'aminer--Norman G. Torchin Assistant Examiner lohn R. Miller 5 7] ABSTRACT 11 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures US. Patent Se t. 30,197: 3,909,262

l5 F/G. 40 Z? O W U COP 3 4 4 4 I l l IMAGED MIGRATION MEMBER EMPLOYING A GELATIN OVERCOATING CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional application of copending application Ser. No. 97,866, now abandoned filed Dec. 14, 1970, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 172, filed Jan. 2, 1970, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to imaging, and more specifically to a migration imaging system employing overcoated migration imaging members.

Recently, a migration imaging system capable of producing high quality images of high density, continuous tone, and high resolution has been developed. Such migration imaging systems are disclosed in copending applications Ser. No. 837,780, filed June 30, 1969, and Ser. No. 837,591, filed June 30, 1969. In a typical embodiment of the new migration imaging system an imaging member comprising a substrate, a layer of softenable material and photosensitive marking material is latently imaged by electrically charging the member and exposing the charged member to a pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation such as light. Where the photosensitive marking material was originally in the form of a fracturable layer contiguous the upper surface of the softenable layer, the marking particles in the exposed areas of the member migrate toward the substrate when the member is developed by softening the softenable layer.

Softenable" as used herein is intended to mean any material which can be rendered more permeable thereby enabling particles to migrate through its bulk. conventionally, changing the permeability of such material or reducing its resistance to migration of migration marking material is accomplished by dissolving, melting, and softening, by methods, for example, such as contacting with heat, vapors, partial solvents, solvent vapors, solvents and combinations thereof, or by otherwise reducing the viscosity of the softenable material by any suitable means.

Fracturable layer or material as used herein, means any layer or material which is capable of breaking up during development, thereby permitting portions of said layer to migrate toward the substrate or to be otherwise removed. The fracturable layer may be particulate, semi-continuous, or microscopically discontinuous in various embodiments of the migration imaging members of the present invention. Such fracturable layers of marking material are typically contiguous the surface of the softenable layer spaced apart from the substrate, and such fracturable layers may be near, at, coated onto, or slightly, partially or substantially embedded in the softenable layer in the various embodiments of the imaging members of the inventive system. Contiguous for the purpose of this invention is defined as in Websters New Collegiate Dictionary, Second Edition, 1960: In actual contact; touching; also, near, though not in contact; adjoining, and is intended to generically describe the relationship of the fracturable layer of marking material in the softenable layer, vis-a-vis the surface of the softenable layer spaced apart from the substrate.

There are various other systems for forming such images, wherein non-photosensitive or inert, marking materials are arranged in the aforementioned fracturable layers, or dispersed throughout the softenable layer, as described in the aforementioned copending applications which also disclose a variety of methods which may be used to form latent images upon such migration imaging members.

Various means for developing the latent images in the novel migration imaging system may be used. These development methods include solvent wash-away; solvent vapor softening, heat softening, and combinations of these methods, as well as any other method which changes the resistance of the softenable material to the migration of particulate marking material through said softenable layer to allow imagewise migration of the particles toward the substrate. In the solvent washaway development method, the migration marking material migrates in imagewise configuration toward the substrate through the softenable layer and it is softened and dissolved, leaving an image of migrated particles corresponding to the desired image pattern on the substrate, with the material of the softenable layer substantially completely washed away. In the heat or vapor softening developing modes, the softenable layer is softened to allow imagewise migration of marking material toward the substrate and the developed image member generally comprises the substrate having migrated marking particles near the softenable layersubstrate interface, with the softenable layer and unmigrated marking materials intact on the substrate in substantially their original condition.

Various methods and materials and combinations thereof have previously been used to fix unfixed migration images. For example, fixing methods and materials previously used are disclosed in copending applications Ser. No. 590,959, filed Oct. 31, 1966, now abandoned and Ser. No. 695,214, filed Jan. 2, 1968 now abandoned.

In addition to the aforementioned copending applications, another copending application-Ser. No. 71,781, filed Sept. 14, 1970, discloses a migration imaging system which relates to transparentizing background portions of an imaged member, apparently by an agglomeration effect. In that system an imaging member comprising a softenable layer containing a fracturable layer of electrically photosensitive migration marking material is imaged in one process mode by electrostatically charging the member, exposing the member to an imagewise pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation, and then softening the softenable layer by exposure for a few seconds to a solvent vapor thereby causing a selective migration of the migration material in thc softenable layer in the areas which were previously exposed to the activating radiation. The vapor developed member is then subjected to a heating step causing the migration material in unexposed areas to agglomerate or flocculate, often accompanied by fusion of the marking material particles, thereby resulting in a very low background image. Alternatively, the migration image may be formed by heat followed by exposure to solvent vapors and a second heating step which results in background reduction. ln this imaging system, the softenable layer remains substantially intact after development, with the image being self-fixed because the marking material particles are trapped within the softenable layer. In the embodiments thereof the final migration image having low background is typically formed by some combination of vaporheat treatment.

In new and growing areas of technology such as the migration imaging systems of the present inventiom.

new methods, apparatus, compositions of matter, and articles of manufacture continue to be discovered for the application of the new technology in new modes. The present invention relates to a new and advantageous migration imaging system employing overcoated imaging members.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, an object ofthis invention to provide a novel migration imaging system.

It is another object ofthis invention to provide novel migration imaging members.

It is another object of this invention to provide a novel migration imaging system wherein development is carried out substantially by heat.

It is another object of this invention to provide developed migration images having very low backgrounds.

It is another object of this invention to provide a more simple and more economical migration imaging system.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel migration imaging member and system wherein the imaging members are protected from external destructive forces such as abrasion, fingerprinting, dusting and the like, both before and after imaging.

It is still another object of this invention to provide an imaging system capable of producing opaque, translucent or even transparent imaged members, the latter resembling photographic film and microfilm in some embodiments.

The foregoing objects and others are accomplished in accordance with this invention wherein overcoated migration imaging members are used in conjunction with migration imaging systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and further features thereof reference is made to the following detailed disclosure of the preferred embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings thereof, wherein;

FIG. 1 shows a partially schematic, cross sectional view of a typical layered configuration migration imaging member.

FIG. 2 shows a partially schematic, cross-sectional view of a typical binder-structured migration imaging member.

FIG. 3 shows a partially schematic, cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the novel multilayered or overcoated migration imaging member of this invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates in partially schematic, crosssectional views, the process steps in preferred embodiments of the advantageous system of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows a partially schematic, cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the novel multi-layered or overcoated migration imaging member of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Migration imaging members typically suitable for use in the migration imaging processes described above and in the copending applications cited above, are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the migration imaging member 10, illustrated in FIG. 1, the member comprises substrate 11 having a layer of softenable material 13 coated thereon, and the layer of softenable material 13 has a fracturable layer of migration marking material 14 contiguous the upper surface of softenable layer 13. In various embodiments, the supporting substrate 11 may be either electrically insulating or electrically conductive. Electrically insulating substrate materials will typically have resistivities of not less than about 10 ohm-cm., and resistivities preferably not less than about 10 ohm-cm. In some embodiments the electrically conductive substrate 11 may comprise a supporting substrate 11 having a conductive coating 12 coated onto the surface of the supporting substrate upon which the softenable layer 13 is also coated. The substrate 11 may be opaque, translucent, orjtransparent in various embodiments including embodiments wherein the electrically conductive layer 12 coated thereon may itself be partially or substantially transparent. The fracturable layer of marking material 14 contiguous the upper surface of the softenable Iayer'l3 may be coated onto, or slightly, partially, or substantially embedded in softenable material 13 at the upper surface of the softenable layer.

In FIG. 2 migration imaging member 10 also comprises supporting substrate 11 having softenable material layer 13 coated thereon. However, in this configuration the migration marking material 14 is dispersed throughout softenable layer 13 in a binder-structured configuration. As in the layered configuration embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the substrate may be opaque, translucent, or transparent, electrically insulating or electrically conductive.

Copending applications in Ser. No. 837,780, filed June 30, 1969, and Ser. No. 837,591, filed June 30, 1969, describe migration imaging systems suitable for use in the present invention in great detail, and all the disclosure therein, and especially the disclosure relating to such imaging processes, imaging members and materials suitable for use in the migration imaging members used therein, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in the present specification.

In FIG. 3 a preferred embodiment of the novel multilayered or overcoated structure of the present invention is shown wherein supporting substrate 11 has a layer of softenable material 13 coated thereon. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 the migration marking material 14 is initially arranged in a fracturable layer contiguous the upper surface of softenable material layer 13. However in other embodiments, the migration marking material 14 may be dispersed throughout softenable layer 13 as in the binder structured configuration illustrated in FIG. 2. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 the migration imaging member also includes an advantageous overcoating layer 15 which is coated over softenable layer 13, of the fracturable layer of marking material 14 contiguous the upper surface of softenable layer 13. In various embodiments of this novel migration imaging member, the overcoating layer 15 may comprise another layer of softenable material, a hard protective overlayer, a gelatin overlayer which gives particularly advantageous imaging results, or any other suitable overlayer material.

The materials suitable for use as substrates 11, softenable layers 13, and migration marking materials 14, are the same materials disclosed in the aforementioned copending applications which are incorporated by reference herein. As stated above, the substrate 11 may be opaque, translucent, transparent, electrically insulating or electrically conductive. Similarly, the substrate and the entire migration imaging member which it supports may be in any suitable form including a web, foil, laminate or the like, strip, sheet, coil, cylinder, drum, endless belt, endless mobius strip, circular disk or other shape. The present invention is particularly suitable for use in any of these configurations.

In various embodiments of the novel migration imaging members of the present invention, the migration marking material may be electrically photosensitive, photoconductive, photosensitively inert, magnetic, electrically conductive, electrically insulating, or any other combination of materials suitable for use in the migration imaging system.

The softenable material 13 may be any suitable material which may be softened by liquid solvents, solvent vapors, heat, or combinations thereof. In addition, in many embodiments of the migration imaging member, the softenable material 13 is typically substantially electrically insulating and does not chemically react during the migration force applying and developing steps of the advantageous system of the present invention. It should be noted that layer 11 should preferably be substantially electrically insulating for the preferred modes hereof of applying electrical migration forces to the migration layer but more conductive materials may be used because of the increased capability in the electrical mode hereof of applying a constant and replenishing supply of charges in image configuration. Although the softenable layer has been described as coated on a substrate, in some embodiments the softenable layer may itself have sufficient strength and integrity to be substantially self-supporting, and may be brought into contact with a suitable substrate during the imaging process.

Where the advantageous overlayer 15 comprises a softenable material similar to the material of layer 13, the overlayer may include materials in the classes of polystyrenes, alkyd substituted polystyrenes, polyolefins, styrene-acrylate copolymers, styrene-olefin copolymers, silicone resins, phenolic resins, amorphous glasses and others. Such materials more particularly include Staybelite Ester 10, a partially hydrogenated rosin ester, Foral Ester, a hydrogenated rosin triester, and Neolyne 23, an alkyd resin, all from Hercules Powder Co.; SR type silicone resins available from General Electric Corporation; Sucrose Benzoate, Eastman Chemical; Velsicol X-37, a polystyrene-olefin copolymer from Velsicol Chemical Corp.; Hydrogenated Piccopale 100, Piccopale H-2, highly branched polyolefins, Piccotex 100, a styrene-vinyl toluene copolymer, Piccolastic A75, 100 and 125, all polystyrenes, Piccodiene 2215, a polystyrene-olefin copolymer, all from Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp.; Araldite 6060 and 6071, epoxy resins from Ciba; Amoco 18, a polyalpha-methylstyrene from Amoco Chemical Corp.; R5061A, a phenylmethyl silicone resin and Ml40, a custom synthesized styrene-co-n-butylmethacrylate, from Dow Corning; Epon 1001, a bisphenol A- epichlohydrin epoxy resin, from Shell Chemical Corp.; and PS2, PS3, both polystyrenes, and ET-693, and

Amberol ST, phenol-formaldehyde resins; ethyl cellulose, and Dow C4, a methylphenylsilicone, all from Dow Chemicalya custom synthesized 80/20 mole per cent copolymer of styrene and hexylmethacrylate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.179 dl/gm; other copolymers of styrene and hexylmethacrylate, a custom synthesized polydiphenylsiloxane; a custom synthesized polyadipate; acrylic resins available under the trademark Acryloid from Rohm & Haas Co., and available under the trademark Lucite from the El. duPont de Nemours & Co.; thermoplastic resins available under the trademark Pliolite from the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.; a chlorinated hydrocarbon available under the trademark Aroclor from Monsanto Chemical Co.; thermoplastic polyvinyl resins available under the trademark Vinylite from Union Carbide Co.; other thermoplastics disclosed in Gunther et al. Pat. No. 3,196,01 1; other materials disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 27,890, filed Apr. 13, 1970; waxes and blends, mixtures and copolymers thereof. The above group of materials is not intended to be limiting, but merely illustrative of materials suitable for such softenable overlayers.

The above list of softenable materials suitable for overlayer 15 generally includes materials also suitable for softenable layer 13. However, in various embodiments the overlayer l5 and softenable layer 13 need not comprise the same material. In various embodiments advantageous overlayer 15 may itself be substantially electrically insulating, electrically conductive, photosensitive, photoconductive, photosensitively inert, or have any other desired properties. For example, where the overlayer is photoconductive, it may be used to impart light sensitivity to the imaging member through the techniques of xerographic technology. The overlayer may also be transparent, translucent or opaque depending upon the imaging system in which the overcoated member is desired for use. Where the overlayer comprises substantially electrically insulating softenable materials, it will typically have resistivities not less than about 10 ohm-cm, and preferably have resistivities of not less than about 10 ohm-cm.. Advantageous overlayer 15 is typically preferably of a thickness up to about microns, although thicker overlayers may be suitable and desirable in certain embodiments. For example if the overlayer is electrically conductive there are virtually no limitations except for the practical ones of handling and economics. Where the overlayer is greater than about 75 microns thick, undesirably high potentials may have a greater tendency to build up on the imaging member during processing in migration imaging systems.

Where the advantageous overlayer 15 comprises material which is typically harder than the softenable material typically used in layer 13, the overlayer may include materials such as Bavick 11, a copolymer of alpha methyl styrene and methyl methacrylate; Mylar. a polyester resin available from DuPont; Elvacet, a polyvinyl acetate resin available from DuPont; and others as well as mixtures and copolymers thereof.

These harder overcoatings are particularly advantageous for the purpose of protecting the migration imaging members of the present invention from external destructive forces such as abrasion, fingerprinting, dusting, and the like. It will be appreciated that these advantageous overcoatings protect the migration imaging members before imaging, during imaging and after the members have been imaged to contain the desired migration image. These overcoatings are typically preferably not greater than about 75 microns thick if they are substantially electrically insulating. Conductive overcoatings may typically be as thick as desired.

These harder overcoatings, unlike the softenable material overcoatings described above, are typically not preferred for use in softenable layer 13. However, the harder overcoatings typically permit charge transport through the overlayer (at least during development of the latent image on the member), transfer of the charge to the imaging particles 14, subsequent migration of the marking particles 14 in the suitably softened underlayer l3, and possess various other properties which allow the migration imaging process of the present invention to be performed satisfactorily.

These harder overcoatings will typically not appreciably soften when the migration imaging members are developed by the application of heat sufficient to soften the softenable layer 13. However in various embodiments, it may be advantageous to use harder overlayer materials which, while not preferred as materials for softenable layer 13, may soften with increased application of heat or solvent vapors; may permit solvent vapor to penetrate to the softenable layer; may allow charge migration before or during heating or exposure to solvent vapor; may permit removal of the overlayer by stripping or solvent flushing without effecting the underlying imaging structure; or may be suitable for use as substrates where the overlayered migration imaging member is split to produce complementary im ages, for example, as described in copending application Ser. No. 784,164, filed Dec. 16, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,757.

In still other embodiments, the advantageous overlayer 15 may comprise a suitable layer of gelatin. Such gelatin layers have been found to be particularly advantageous in a preferred embodiment of the novel migration imaging system of the present invention. Any suitable grade of gelatin may comprise overlayer 15 in this embodiment. For example, typical grades are edible, photographic, technical, and U.S.P. XVII. These gelatins are generally colorless; transparent; odorless; tasteless; absorb up to five to 10 times their weight of water; are soluble in hot water, glycerol and acetic acid; and insoluble in alcohol, chloroform, and other organic solvents. These gelatins are commonly used in the manufacture of photographic films; lithography; sizing; plastic compounds; textile and paper work; foods; rubber substitutes; adhesives; cements; capsules for medicinals; artificial silk; matches; light filters; clarifying agents; bacteriology; and medicine.

Due to their desirable film forming characteristics and chemical composition, photographic grade gelatins are preferred grades of gelatins for use in the instant invention. These gelatins comprise any naturally occurring protein used as the binding medium for silver halide crystals in the common type of photographic emulsions, and are not limited to any particular definite chemical compound. A given sample of gelatin may contain molecules of various molecular weights ranging from about 20,000 to over 100,000, and of various amino-acid compositions. The gelatin coating is normally dissolved in water and coated over the surface of the softenable layer 13 which contains the migration marking particles. A more inclusive definition for gelatin compounds falling within the scope of this invention is set forth under the definition of gelatin contained in the Focal Encyclopedia of Photography, Vol. 1, Focal Press, London and New York, 1965, pp. 695 and 696.

The thickness of the gelatin layer generally should range from about 0.01 to 1.0 microns. A preferred range of thickness which yields outstanding results is from about 0.1 to 0.5 microns. The thin gelatin layer may be applied by any suitable technique.

The advantageous imaging members of the present invention described above, are useful in the novel imaging systems described in conjunction with FIG. 4. The imaging steps in the advantageous processes using the novel imaging members of the present invention typically comprise the steps of forming an electrical latent image upon the imaging member, and developing the latently imaged member by decreasing the resistance of the softenable material to the migration of the particulate marking material through the softenable layer 13 whereby migration marking material is allowed to migrate in depth in softenable r'n'aterial layer 13 in an imagewise configuration. The imaging members illustrated in FIG. 4 are the layered configuration imaging members like that illustrated in FIG. 3. However, binder structured imaging members such as illustrated in FIG. 2 and as described in conjunction with FIG. 3 may also be'used in the advantageous imaging systems of the present invention as described in FIG. 4.

Any method for forming an electrical latent image upon the imaging member may typically be used in the advantageous process of the present invention. For example, the surface of the imaging member may be electrically charged in imagewise configuration by various modes including charging or sensitizing an image configuration through the use of a mask or stencil, or by first forming such a charge pattern on a separate layer such as a photoconductive insulator layer used in con ventional xerographic reproduction techniques, and then transferring this charge pattern to the surface of a migration imaging plate by bringing the two into very close proximity and utilizing break-down techniques as described for example in Carlson U.S. Pat. No. 2,982,647, and Walkup U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,825,814 and 2,937,943. In addition, charge patterns conforming to selected shaped electrodes or combinations of electrodes may be formed on a support surface or combinations of electrodes may be formed on a support surface by the TESI discharge technique, as more fully described in Schwertz U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,023,731 and 2,919,967, or by techniques described in Walkup U.S. Pat. No. 3,001,848, or by induction imaging techniques, or even. by electron beam recording techniques, as described in Glenn US. Pat. No. 3,113,179.

Where the migration marking material or the softenable material is electrically photosensitive material, the electrical latent image may be formed on the imaging member by electrostatically charging the member and then exposing the charged member to activating electromagnetic radiation in an imagewise pattern. This is the method illustrated in FIG. 4A and 4B. In FIG. 4A the advantageous imaging member of the present invention comprising substrate 11 having softenable layer 13 thereon with fracturable layer of marking material 14 contiguous the surface of the softenable layer 13, and advantageous overcoating 15 thereon, is shown being electrostatically charged with corona charging device 16. Where substrate 11 is conductive, the charging step is enhanced by grounding the conductive substrate as shown at 17. Similarily,where the substrate 1 1 is electrically insulating, the electrically insulating substrate may be placed on a grounded conductive back-, ing to enhance the charging step. Still another method of electrically charging such a member is to electrostatically charge both sides of the member to surface potentials of opposite polarity. In FIG. 4B the charged member is shown being exposed to activating electromagnetic radiation 18 in area 19, thereby forming an electrical latent image upon the imaging member.

The member havng the electrical latent image thereon is then developed by decreasing the resistance of the softenable material to migration of the particulate marking material through the softenable layer 13, here for example as shown in FIG. 4C by softening by the application of heat shown radiating into the softenable material at 21. The application of heat, solvent vapors, or combinations thereof, or any other means for decreasing the resistance of the softenable material of softenable layer 13 to migration of the migration marking material may be used to develop the latently imaged member, whereby migration marking material 14 is allowed to migrate in depth in softenable layer 13 in imagewise configuration. In FIG. 4C the migration marking material is shown migrated in areas 20, and in its initial, unmigrated state in area 19. It is seen that areas 19 and 20 correspond to the formation of the electrical latent image described in conjunction with FIGS. 4A and 4B.

Depending upon the specific imaging system used, including the specific imaging structure, materials, process steps, and other parameters, the advantageous imaging system of the present invention may produce positive images from positive originals or negative originals from positive originals.

The migrated, imaged member illustrated in FIG. 4C is shown with the protective layer 15 thereon, It is seen that this layer 15 protects the imaging member before, during, and after imaging.

Where the advantageous imaging member of the present invention described in FIG. 3 wherein the advantageous overlayer 15 is a gelatin as described above, is used, the imaging process of the present invention as described in conjunction with FIG. 4 produces still other surprising and advantageous results. Particularly advantageous results are achieved when the migration marking material is initially oriented in the fracturable layer contiguous the upper surface of softenable material layer 13. In this process the imaging steps may be carried out as described in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C. However, it is particularly noticeable in the advantageous system of this invention that the migration marking material 14 in area 19 as shown in FIG. 4C remains substantially exactly in its initial unimaged position. Surprisingly it has been found that the presence of gelatin overlayer 1S helps to maintain the unmigrated marking material 14 in area 19 in this initial position.

In the development step illustrated in FIG. 4C, the imaging member is typically developed by uniformly heating the structure to a relatively low temperature. This temperature is generally within the range between about 60 to about 130C. and the heat is applied for only a few seconds. When the heat is applied, the softenable material layer 13 decreases in viscosity, thereby decreasing its resistance to migration of the marking material through the softenable layer, and the marking material is permitted to migrate in depth in the softenable layer 13, and is here shown migrating in the unexposed areas 20.

In addition to marking material particle migration, under some conditions an advantageous fusing or agglomeration effect, illustrated in FIG. 4D, may occur whereby migrated marking particles fuse or agglomerate to form larger particles 22 which typically are migrated away from the gelatin layer-softenable layer interface. As before, it is noted that the particles which have been exposed to light in areas 19 did not fuse or agglomerate, and are maintained in essentially their initial unmigrated position contiguous the surface of the softenable material 13. This last effect is aided by advantageous overlayer 15 as discussed above.

The image formed by the development steps illustrated in FIG. 4 results in a higher quality light absorbing image because of the agglomeration or selective fusing of the migration marking material. This image has a lower background than images obtained by using the same structure without the gelatin overcoating. This imaging process is further believed to be novel in that contrary to the usual migration imaging process set forth in copending application Ser. No. 71,781 filed Sept. 14, I970 (the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in the present specification), only those particles which have migrated away from the gelatin layer-softenable layer interface, fuse together. Therefore, it is seen that the novel imaging structure and process of the present invention offers a new approach to obtain more fully heat or vapor softened, developed migration imaging films which have low background images. At the same time, this film also provides enhanced protective characteristics such as lower tack and greater resistance to abrasion, before, during and after image formation.

Furthermore, the system of the present invention puts less critical demands on the migration process in that the migration marking particles need only leave the immediate vicinity of the gelatin layer-softenable layer interface to achieve a higher contrast image. The migration imaging systems clearly disclosed in the above mentioned copending applications typically operate with more extensive migration wherein the migration marking materials migrate relatively considerably in depth in the softenable material layer.

Still another embodiment in the advantageous system of the present invention is described in FIG. 5 wherein the migration imaging member is overlayered with two separate layers of protective material. The member illustrated in FIG. 5 comprises substrate 11, softenable material 13 and migration marking material 14 having an intermediate protective layer 23 coated onto the softenable material 13 between the softenable material and protective layer 15. It has been found particularly advantageous to use imaging members in this configuration wherein the intermediate protective layer 23 comprises a gelatin such as those described above herein, and protective layer 15 comprises the hard-type coatings which are also described above herein The following examples further specifically define the present invention wherein overcoated migration imaging members are used in conjunction with novel migration imaging systems. The parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. The examples below are intended to illustrate various preferred embodiments of the novel migration imaging system.

EXAMPLE I An imaging member or film such as that illustrated in FIG. 3 is prepared by first making a mixture of about 20% by weight of hydrogenated Piccopale 100 (HP- lOO), a highly branched polyolefin, available from the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Co., dissolved in a solution of toluene. Using a gravure roller, the mixture is then roll coated onto an about 3 mil aluminized Mylar polyester film (E.I. duPont de Nemours Co., Inc.) having a thin, semi-transparent aluminum coating. The coating is applied so that when air dried for about 2 hours to allow for evaporation of the toluene, an imaging plate comprising about a two micron layer of HP-lO is formed on the aluminized Mylar. A thin layer of particulate vitreous selenium approximately 0.5 microns in thickness is then deposited onto the Staybelite surface by inert gas deposition utilizing the process set forth in copending patent application Ser. No. 423,167, filed on Jan. 4, 1965. An about 0.5 micron coating of photographic grade gelatin available from the American Agricultural Chemical Co. under the tradename Keystone Gelatin is then applied over the selenium layer by dip coating from a l% solution by volume of gelatin in water, and allowing the coating to dry resulting in a gelatin overlayer about 0.5 microns thick.

EXAMPLE II An imaging member or film is formed by the method of Example I in which the l-IP-lOO is replaced with an about 20% mixture of an about 80/20 mole per cent copolymer,called P37, of styrene and hexylmethacrylate, dissolved in toluene. About 10 grams of Keystone gelatin powder is dissolved in about I00 cc. of water, and this gelatin solution is coated onto the surface of the bare imaging film with a No. 5 draw rod. This structure is then dried in an oven at about 50C. for about l hour. The resultant member comprises a thin, particulate vitreous selenium layer approximately 0.5 microns in thickness deposited at the upper surface of the softenable plastic layer of P-37 which is contained on an about 3 mil aluminized Mylar substrate, and this member is overcoated with a layer of gelatin of about 0.5 microns in thickness. I

EXAMPLE Ill The gelatin overcoated imaging structure provided by Example II is further overcoated by applying a solution of about Bavick II, a copolymer of alpha methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate from J. T. Baker Co., in toluene solvent, with a No. 7 draw rod. This Bavick coating is placed directly over the gelatin coating.

EXAMPLE lV An uncoated imaging member is provided as described in Example I. A solution of about 10% Bavick II in toluene solvent is coated with a N0. 7 draw rod onto another film of Mylar which has been previously coated with zinc stearate (a release agent). The Bavick coated Mylar is then laminated to the uncoated imaging structure by placing them face-to-face together and passing this Mylar sandwiched imaging member between a pair of hot rollers at temperatures in the range of about 70 to 80C. This type of overcoated member is suitable for stripping or splitting typically after imaging such a member.

EXAMPLE V An uncoated imaging structure is provided as described in Example I. A coating solution of Elvacite, an acrylic resin available from DuPont, is dissolved in npropanol, and this solution is coated to a thickness of about 2 microns onto the uncoated imaging structure with a No. 7 draw rod. This coated structure is then allowed to air dry at room temperature.

EXAMPLE VI An uncoated imaging structure is provided as described in Example I. An about 10% solution of Piccopale I-I-2, a cyclic hyhdrocarbon resin produced by polymerizations of unsaturates derived from deep cracking of petroleum, available from Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp., is prepared in octane solvent, and an about /2 micron layer of thissolti'tion is coated onto the uncoated imaging structure with a No. 5 wire wound draw rod and allowed to dry. A solution of Bavick in acetone is then coated over the I-I-2 coating with a No. 10 draw rod. This structure is then baked for about 1 hour at about 65C. The H-2 interlayer prevents solvents in which the Bavick overlayer is prepared from affecting the underlying imaging member.

EXAMPLE VII An uncoated imaging structureis provided as described in Example I. A protective film of Mylar about 19 microns thick is laminated to the uncoated imaging structure by placing the Mylar film on the surface of the uncoated member and by passing this Mylar sandwiched structure between a pair of heated rollers at temperatures in the range between about C. and about C.

EXAMPLE VIII An uncoated imaging structure is provided as described in Example II. A protective overcoating of Saran, poly-vinylidene chloride, about 10 microns in thickness is coated over the uncoated imaging structure. This is done by simply laying the Saran film upon the surface of the uncoated member without a lamination step, or, alternatively, the Saran layer is laminated to the uncoated imaging member by passing the sandwiched member between a pair of hot rollers at about 65C.

EXAMPLE IX An uncoated imaging structure is provided as described in Example II wherein P-37 is the softenable layer. A water solution of polyvinyl methyl ether is pre pared and wipe coated onto the surface of the uncoated imaging member. This overcoating dries at room temperature for about V2 hour leaving an about 1 micron thick overcoating on the imaging member.

EXAMPLE X An uncoated imaging structure is provided as described in Example II with P-37 as the softenable layer. A solution of usually crystalline polyester polyxylene sebacate in chloroform is dip coated onto a film of aluminized Mylar and allowed to dry for about 1 hour at room temperature. The coated aluminized Mylar and the uncoated imaging structure are then placed face-to- 1 3 face in a sandwich configuration arid l l'aminated by passing the sandwich structure through a pair of hot rollers at about 65C. This member be stripped or split. i V

EXAMPLE 'XI 1 The film made by the method of Example I is imaged as follows: The film is charged under dark room conditions to a positive potential of about 200 volts by a corona charging device such as that disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,588,699 to Carlson. The plate is then exposed to a light source of about 5 foot-candle-seconds, and then heated to a temperature of about 100C. for about 2 seconds. This procedure results in a formation ofa positive to negative image formed by the fusion of the selenium particles in the non-exposed areas.

EXAMPLE XII A sample of the imaging film of Example II is imaged as follows: The film is charged to a retained negative potential of about I20 volts. The charged film is then exposed to a pattern of light equal to about 2.5 fotcandle-seconds. The film is then heated to a temperature of about 100C. for about 2 seconds resulting in the formation of a positive to positive image.

EXAMPLES xiv XVIII EXAMPLE XIX Structure used: Example VIII Charging: 200 to 600 volts with 600 volts preferred Exposure: l X 10 photons/cm of 4000A light Development: on a hot plate at l l0C. for 1 minute or I I8C. for a few seconds.

Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XX As in Example XIX except additional step of stripping away Mylar while on the hot plate.

Result: Two images. Positive to negative on the original film base and positive to positive on the Mylar base.

EXAMPLE XXI Structure Used: Example IX Charging: 60 to -l60 volts Exposure: l X 10 photons/cm of 4000 A light Development: Hot plate for seconds at l C. Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XXII Structure used: Example X Charging: 60 to 300 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Development: as in Example XXI Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XXIII Structure used: Example XI Charging: 160 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Development: as in Example XXI Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XXIV Structure used: Example IX Charging: to +400 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Development: as in Example XXI Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XXV Structure used: Example X Charging: +l20 to +200 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Development: as in Example XXI Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XXVI Structure used: Example XI Charging: +160 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Result: as in Examples XIV XVIII EXAMPLE XXVII Structure used: Example VIII Charging: +700 to +1300 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Development: as in Example XXI Result: Partial migration in the unexposed area and no migration in the exposed area EXAMPLE XXVIII Structure used: Example III Charging: +140 to +260 volts Exposure: as in Example XXI Development: as in Example XXI Result: as in Example XXVII EXAMPLE XXIX Same as Example XXVIII except higher temperature (at C).

Result: Se particles fuse in unexposed areas (partially migrated areas) producing remarkable increase in transparency in these areas.

EXAMPLE XXX An imaging member is prepared by overcoating aluminized Mylar with an about 2 micron layer of P-37 softenable material, and powdered graphite is cascaded over the surface of the softenable layer thereby forming a fracturable layer of graphite at the surface of the softenable layer. This member is overcoated with an about 19 micron layer of Mylar as in Example VIII. This overcoated imaging member is imagewise charged by electrostatically charging through a stencil mask, and is then heated for about 20 seconds at about I 10C. to soften the softenable material thereby allowing the graphite particles to migrate toward the substrate in the imagewise charged areas.

EXAMPLE XXXI An imaging member is prepared by dispersing graphite particles throughout a P-37 solution before coating upon an aluminized Mylar substrate. This binder layer having graphite dispersed throughout the P-37 softenable layer is then overcoated with an about 19 micron layer of Mylar as described in Example VIII. This imaging member is charged and developed as in Example XXX.

Although specific components and proportions have been stated in the above description of the preferred embodiments of the novel migration imaging system wherein overcoated migration imaging members are used, other suitable materials and variations in the various steps in the system as listed herein, may be used with satisfactory results and various degrees of quality. In addition, other materials and steps may be added to those used herein and variations may be made in the process to synergize, enhance or otherwise modify the properties of or increase the uses for the invention.

It will be understood that various other changes of the details, materials, steps, arrangements of parts and uses which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention will occur to and may be made by those skilled in the art, upon a reading of this disclosure, and such changes are intended to be included within the principal and scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An imaged member comprising a substrate, a layer of electrically insulating softenable material, a layer consisting of gelatin overlying said layer of softenable material and agglomerable migration marking material distributed in depth in said softenable material in a first image configuration with said first image configuration of agglomerable material agglomerated and/or fused and comprising in addition to said first image configuration, an unagglomerated complementary background pattern of agglomerable migration marking material remaining substantially unagglomerated contactng the gelatin layer 4 softenable layer interface.

2. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is substantially transparent.

3. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is a thickness in the range not greater than about microns.

4. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is a thickness of from about 0.01 to about 1.0 microns.

5. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 0.5

microns.

6. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein the layer of gelatin comprises photographic grade gelatin with a molecular weight ranging from about 20,000 to about 7. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is of a hardness greater than the softenable material.

8. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein the agglomerable migration marking material is electrically photosensitive material.

9. The imaged member of claim 8 wherein said electrically photosensitive material is vitreous selenium.

10. The imaged member of claim 1 comprising a second overlayer of material overlying said layer of gelatin, said second overlayer being harder than .said softenable layer and of such construction as to permit charge transport therethrough.

11. The imaged member of claim 10 wherein the second overlayer of material is substantially transparent. 

1. AN IMAGENED COMPRIDING A SUBSTRATE, A SUBSTRATE, A LAYER OF ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIAL, ALAYER CONSISTING OF GELATIN OVERLYING SAID LAYER OF SOFTENABLE MATERIAL AND AGGLOMARABLE MATERIAL MAKING DISTRIBUTED IN DEPTH IN SAID SOFTENABLE MATERIAL IN A FIRST IMAGE CONFURATION WITH SAID FIRST IMAGE CONFIGURATION OF AGGLOMERABLE MATERIAL AGGLOMERATED AND/OR FUSED COMPRISING IN ADDITION TO SAID FIRST IMAGE CONFIGURATION, AN UNAGGLOMERATED COMPLEMENTARY BACKGROUND PATTERN OF AGGLOMERABLE MIGRATION MARKING MATERIAL REMAINING SUBSTANTIALLY UNAGGLOMERATED CONTACTING THE GELATIN LAYER-INTERFACE.
 2. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is substantially transparent.
 3. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is a thickness in the range not greater than about 75 microns.
 4. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is a thickness of from about 0.01 to about 1.0 microns.
 5. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 microns.
 6. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein the layer of gelatin comprises photographic grade gelatin with a molecular weight ranging from about 20,000 to about 100,000.
 7. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein said layer of gelatin is of a hardness greater than the softenable material.
 8. The imaged member of claim 1 wherein the agglomerable migration marking material is electrically photosensitive material.
 9. The imaged member of claim 8 wherein said electrically photosensitive material is vitreous selenium.
 10. The imaged member of claim 1 comprising a second overlayer of material overlying said layer of gelatin, said second overlayer being harder than said softenable layer and of such construction as to permit charge transport therethrough.
 11. The imaged member of claim 10 wherein the second overlayer of material is substantially transparent. 